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Title: Studying of Convective Heat Transfer Over an Aluminum Flat Plate Based on Twin Jets Impingement Mechanism for Different Reynolds Number
Author(s): Mahir Faris Abdullah, Rozli Zulkifli, Zambri Harun, Shahrir Abdullah, Wan Aizon W.Ghopa
Pages: 1-16 Paper ID: 170206-3434-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: The impact of Reynolds number, jet-to-plate spacing, and jet-to-jet distance on the distribution of local heat transfer to impinging circular air jet in an aluminium flat surface is studied through an experimental investigation. For several decades, this has been an active research topic, Based on nozzle exit condition, the Reynolds number is 17,000, 13,000 and 10,000, nozzle-to-nozzle spacing 1-3 cm and jet-to-plate distance is 1, 6 and 11 cm. Graphtec GL820 multichannel data logger was used to collect thermal data, while an infrared thermal imaging technique employing Fluke Ti25 was used to obtain thermal images for capturing the temperature distribution in front of the aluminium foil. The analysis of distributions of local heat transfer is based on theoretical foretelling and experimental results of the fluid flow characteristics in different places of jet impingement. The heat flux of the jet impinging on a flat plate surface was measured through an experimental setup by employing a heat flux micro-sensor placed away at radial positions of 0–14 cm from the stagnation point. The heat flux measurement was considered for the calculation of local Nusselt (Nu) number for air jet impingement as well as the local heat-transfer coefficient. Based on the results, calculation of the local Nusselt number was done at all mensuration points. Moreover, in a steady jet, with increase in the Re number, the Nu number also increases. On analysing the connection between the outcomes, it was observed that higher Reynolds number led to higher localised heat flux in the air jet that was steadily heated, which was impinged on the flat surface of the plate. Also, the best heat-transfer coefficient was found at the region near to the aluminium plate and nozzles as well on the distance between the nozzles when be close, particularly at the plate’s first points, which decreased gradually with increase in the distance from the centre of the aluminium plate for all Reynolds numbers employed.
Keywords: Local Nusselt number; enhancement heat transfer; twin jets impingement; Reynolds number, heat flux.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,107 KB
Title: Experimental Study and Prediction of Erosion-Corrosion of AA6066 Aluminum Using Artificial Neural Network
Author(s): Osama M. Irfan, Hanafy M. Omar
Pages: 17-31 Paper ID: 170506-8484-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: Erosion-Corrosion is a serious problem as it accelerates the degradation of the material due to the relative motion of a corrosive fluid on the exposed surface. Usually, erosion-corrosion occurs in pipelines carrying fluids containing solid particles. Alloys and composite materials are widely used in various industrial applications due to their excellent properties. The significance of 6xxx aluminum alloys attributed to the progressive increase in using them as matrices for metal matrix composites, due to their excellent formability and relatively good corrosion resistance. Hence, mechanical and surface characterization of the alloy and processing procedure are important for that approach. Time of experiment, slurry velocity, impact angle, subjected area, and erodent concentration are very important factors influencing erosion-corrosion characteristics. The main objectives of this work are to study experimentally the erosion-corrosion behavior of AA6066 aluminum alloy and develop a nonlinear predictive model for the erosion-corrosion characteristics under different conditions. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was employed where the model consists of a three layered feedforward back propagation neural network (FFBPNN). A good agreement between the predicted values and the experimental results were achieved.
Keywords: Erosion-Corrosion; AA6066 Aluminum; Slurry Pot; Artificial Neural Network.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,549 KB
Title: Effect of Modeling Parameters in SIMP Based Stress Constrained Structural Topology Optimization
Author(s): Hailu Shimels Gebremedhen, Dereje Engida Woldemichael, Fakhruldin Mohd Hashim
Pages: 32-39 Paper ID: 170106-5252-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: This paper presents the effect of modeling parameters, namely minimum filtering radius (Rmin) and penalization factor (Penal), on the computational efficiency (iteration number), maximum stress induced, and optimal layouts of SIMP based stress constrained topology optimization. Matlab was used to generate optimal topologies and output parameters for the feasible region of modeling parameters. Response surface methodology using MINITAB 14.1 statistical software was used to analyze combined effect of these parameters. The simulation results show variations in penalization factor and minimum filtering radius has a significant effect on the number of iteration to converge and optimal plot. The effect of these modeling parameters on maximum stress induced and weight percentage reduction is insignificant compared to their effect on iteration number and optimal material distribution. The results also showed that the combination of these parameters in their upper range (1.7< Rmin <3 and Penal >3) is the best option while considering iteration number, maximum stress induced and optimal material plots as an output of the optimization problem. Based on the numerical result and statistical analysis, the computational time which is associated with iteration number can be reduced with careful selection of modeling parameters
Keywords: Topology optimization; stress constraints; penalization factor; filtering radius; SIMP method.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,077 KB
Title: Numerical Analysis in the Effect of Undertray Application to Coefficient of Lift and Drag at Formula Student Racing Car Type
Author(s): Fauzun, Arviyan Dendi Mahendra
Pages: 40-48 Paper ID: 171206-3535-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: Formula student racing car type is a miniature of a formula racing car that designed by many teams all across the world to compete in Formula Student Competition. Formula student car is designed so it can accomplish a race in a shortest time as much as possible. Aerodynamic is a fundamental aspect for a car to accomplish a race in a shortest time. Wind force make a great contribution to the development of speed in the car. This research is subjected to analyze the effect of undertray application to coefficient of lift and drag with numerical method. There will be several model of undertray with a variation in the angle of the diffuser at the back of undertray. Because the strong relationship between undertray and ground cleareance, the effect of ground cleareance will also be analyzed. The desired output is to find the right geometry for undertray so the car can go faster with a good handling.
Keywords: Aerodynamic, FSAE, Numerical analysis, Race car, Undertray.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,062 KB
Title: Impact Simulations of Laminated Glass Plate by the FSDT and HSDT
Author(s): Dae Sik Jung, Kook Chan Ahn, Ho Duck Kang
Pages: 49-56 Paper ID: 172006-5959-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: Impact simulations on laminated glass plate are approached and compared by the use of finite element formulations based on a simple Whitney and Pagano’s First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) and a refined Reddy’s Higher-order Shear Deformation Theory (HSDT) in conjunction with Hertz’s contact law, Dharani's PVB interlayer model and wave propagation model. Through the simulation by the use of HSDT, impact behaviors like deflection, kinetic energy, wave fronts and in-plane stress in monolithic glass plate are more sensitive than those of laminated glass plate and prone to more fracture risk. But we can see that the variation of PVB thickness of laminated glass plate does not affect so much on impact behaviors. These results present a similar trend with those of simulation by using FSDT and very small differences in its magnitudes of some simulations. That is, we can’t see so much difference in application of macroscopic behaviors(contact force, deflection, kinetic energy and wave fronts) for laminated glass plate between HSDT and FSDT, but can see so much difference in application of microscopic behaviors (in-plane normal stress and transverse shear stress through the thickness). Therefore, both simple FSDT and refined HSDT can be permitted for this macroscopic predictions, but use of FSDT can be limited for microscopic behaviors like in-plane stress and transverse shear stress etc..
Keywords: First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT), Higher-order Shear Deformation Theory (HSDT), In-plane normal stress, Laminated glass plate.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,063 KB
Title: Material Characterization and Stress Analysis of a Through Knee Prosthesis Sockets
Author(s): Mohsin Abdullah Al-Shammari, Emad Q. Hussein, Ameer Alaa Oleiwi
Pages: 57-64 Paper ID: 171306-9898-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: A prosthesis is a part fabricated in order to replace a body part, missed due to some trauma or congenital defect. People with through knee amputation (TKA) are prone to have their socket failed under different conditions. In this work, composite materials are suggested in order to modify the prosthetic socket and extend its life of and increase the comfort for its user. This study included two major parts; experimental and theoretical. The interface pressure which is found between stump and socket was measured using the F-socket test for the experimental part, and it was calculated analytically for the theoretical part. The output data of the interface pressure from the experimental and theoretical parts together with the geometry were fed to ANSYS for numerical simulation to calculate the equivalent Von-Mises stresses and safety factors. For the suggested composite material, the results showed that the maximum equivalent Von- Mises stress is equal to 15.42 MPa for analytical part.
Keywords: ---
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 920 KB
Title: Design and Simulation of an Optimized Mixed Mode Solar Dryer Integrated With Desiccant Material
Author(s): Ahmed Alqadhi, S. Misha, M.A.M.Rosli, M. Z. Akop
Pages: 65-73 Paper ID: 170806-3939-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: Solar drying is one of the methods that have been used since ancient times. This system has been constantly developed in the last few years to acquire better effective results and drying performance. The efficiency of the solar dryer is essentially depends on the thermal distribution and uniformity of flow inside the dryer body. In this paper, a conceptual design of a mixed mode solar dryer which includes direct and forced indirect solar drying integrated with desiccant materials is developed and proposed. Some concepts of this design are new and others are inspired from recent works. Based on these, this mixed mode solar dryer is prospective to be superior in the rate of drying as well as air flow uniformity. Moreover, this improved drier which can be utilized for drying the diverse agricultural products is a simple system and might be manufactured locally. In addition, a simulation of the system using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) software was performed for the optimization of drying chamber configuration by predicting the airflow distribution, temperature and velocity profiles throughout the dryer. This simulation process has the capability to resolve equations of mass conversation, energy and momentum utilizing numerical approach and it is a very useful tool to evaluate the temperature and velocity profiles in the various positions of the system and attain a uniform air flow with higher temperature inside drying cell or chamber. Simulation results are suitable for further validation against an experimental results of the same design.
Keywords: Solar dryer, Mixed mode solar drying, CFD Simulation, Drying chamber.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,085 KB
Title: Influences of Glass and Carbon Powder Reinforcement on the Vibration Response and Characterization of an Isotropic Hyper Composite Materials Plate Structure
Author(s): Muhannad Al-Waily, Kadhim K. Resan, Ali Hammoudi Al-Wazir, Zaman Abud Almalik Abud Ali
Pages: 74-85 Paper ID: 171406-2828-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: The effects of variable powder reinforcement on the natural frequency and response (under transit loading) of a isotropic hyper composite plate structure are studied for different boundary conditions (simply supported composite plate at all edges and clamped supported composite plate at all edges). The powders investigated are glass and carbon powder, and short fiber serves as the reinforcement; the composite plate is a combination of powder, short fiber reinforcement, and polyester-resin materials. The effects of powder reinforcement on vibration characterization and response are investigated by experimental and numerical work. The experimental work included the evaluation of mechanical properties and natural frequency of the plate with variable fraction and reinforcement type, whereas the numerical work included the evaluation of natural frequency and response of composite plate with various volume fractions and reinforcement-powder type. The experimentally obtained natural-frequency results are compared with the numerically obtained ones, and good agreement is observed. The maximum error is approximately 9.78%. We also find that increasing the powder volume fraction or using stronger powders causes stiffness of the plate and elevated frequency value. Additionally, the responses of the composite plate decrease with increased powder-reinforcement volume.
Keywords: Hyper Composite, Vibration Composite, Powder Reinforcement, Natural Frequency, Response Plate, Composite Mechanical Properties, Vibration Isotropic Composite Plate.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,003 KB
Title: An Affordable Myoelectric Hand Augmented with 3D Virtual Hand for Transradial Prosthesis
Author(s): Mochammad Ariyanto, Rifky Ismail, Khusnul A. Mustaqim, Farika T. Putri, Joga Dharma Setiawan, Tito Sumarwoto
Pages: 86-96 Paper ID: 171706-5252-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: This paper develops an affordable anthropomorphic prosthetic hand device that can be used for transradial amputee in developing countries. The hand is also augmented with 3D virtual hand that can be used as training kit purpose. The proposed of myoelectric prosthetic hand is based on 3D printed that enables it light weight, good appearance like human hand, affordable, and easy to manufacture. The design of proposed prosthetic hand is based on the shape and size of human hand in Indonesia with five fingered hand. Each finger is actuated with linear actuator using tendon-spring mechanism for finger flexion or extension. All of mechatronics components are designed to fit into the prosthetic hand such that it has the same size and weight as the natural human hand. The proposed prosthetic hand has seven grip patterns that can be selected by pressing tactile switch on the back cover of the hand. RGB LED will turn on corresponding with selected grip pattern. 3D virtual hand is developed in SimMechanics environment. Based on the test results, the transradial amputation participant can stably take, grasp, hold various objects and perform daily activities with the proposed prosthetic hand. Because of its features and human hand size, AstoHand v2 can be fitted on transradial amputees.
Keywords: Affordable; transradial; myoelectric; virtual hand.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,057 KB
Title: The Effectiveness of Kinematic Constraints on The Accuracy of Trajectory Profile of Human Walking Using PSPB Technique
Author(s): MARWAN QAID MOHAMMED, MUHAMMAD FAHMI MISKON, SARI ABDO ALI
Pages: 97-110 Paper ID: 171806-3434-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: Many methods have been developed in trajectory planning in order to achieve smooth and accurate motion with considering the constraints of kinematics constraints such as angular position, velocity, acceleration, and jerk. The problem of using the combination of n-order polynomials is that there is no ideally match between the segments of trajectory path at the via point in terms of the number of kinematic constraints. It leads to generate undesirable trajectory path at the via point that connects between two segments of the trajectory path. In this paper, we aim to investigate the effect of increasing to higher order polynomial blends on the accuracy of the via points with considering different kinematics constraints. Based on that, the methodology that was used in this paper is based on the polynomial segment with the higher polynomial blend (PSPB). Three techniques implemented which are 4-3-4 PSPB, 5-4-5 PSPB, and 6-5-6 PSPB. Each technique implemented based on applying different kinematic constraints. The three techniques validated using a modeling design in SemiMechanics. According to the methodology, the result analyzed and discussed in terms of angular position, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and angular jerk based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Average Difference Error (ADE). The result shows that RMSE of angular position for 4-3-4 PSPB-1, 4-3-4 PSPB-2, 5-4-5 PSPB-1, 5-4-5 PSPB-2, 6-5-6 PSPB-1, and 6-5-6 PSPB-2 are 0.4574, 0.0172, 10.9089, 0.1242, 0.6153, and 0.3128 degrees respectively. At the same time, the ADE are 0.0455, 0.0017, 1.0855, 0.0124, 0.0612, and 0.0311 degrees respectively. Thus, the error is increased obviously when there is no ideal match at the via point in terms of a number of kinematic constraints.
Keywords: Trajectory Planning, Via Point, Polynomial Segment with Polynomial Blend ( PSPB), Kinematic Constraints, 4-3-4 PSPB, 5-4-5 PSPB, 6-5-6 PSPB, SimMechanics.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,427 KB
Title: Numerical and experimental studies of heat and mass transfer process through packing zone in a counter-flow wet cooling tower
Author(s): N. MENECEUR, K. KHOUNFAIS, S. BOULAHROUZ, A. ATIA
Pages: 111-120 Paper ID: 172804-1706-6363-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: since few decades, cooling towers are used to cool hot water by evaporating a part of water into an air stream. This system consists of three parts; namely: spray, rain zones, and the very important zone called packing zone. This work aims to numerical modelling of heat and mass transfer through packing zone via a computer calculation code based on five ordinary differential equations. The present model is validated using experimental data obtained from a realized prototype of a cooling tower in LEVRES laboratory in which, the maximum error is less than 5%. The obtained results showed that the optimum height and tower effectiveness are affected by the inlet air humidity; in addition, the heat transfer mode in the packing zone is dominated by evaporation.
Keywords: Heat and mass transfer, cooling tower, modeling, evaporation and packing height.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 661 KB
Title: Optimization Design of Open Circuit Wind Tunnel Suction Type
Author(s): Ismail, Johanis John, Wina Libyawati, Damora Rhakasywi, Agri Suwandi, Priska Alfatri Hendrayanto
Pages: 121-131 Paper ID: 174005-1706-3838-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: This study present optimize design of open circuit wind tunnel suction type based on the cross section shape variation, whist the specification of the axial fan is set at the debit of 8.75 m3/s and the diameter of 1.250 m. TEA (Task Episode Accumulation) and Computational Fluid Dynamic (with Ansys 15.0 version) applied in this study to determine the optimum design. The outcome is wind tunnel design variation 6 has the highest performance among others design. Variation 6 has a length of 5.015 m, speed of 15.0 m/s, Reynolds number of 8.1 x 105, turbulence intensity ranging between 10.25-10.75%, and the specimen must be placed in the middle of plane III and plane III in order to form uniformity in flow.
Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamic, Design, Open Circuit, Wind Tunnel.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,336 KB
Title: Numerical Assessment of the Effect of Injection Pressure and Load on Performance of a Diesel Engine Running on Different Biodiesel-Diesel Blends
Author(s): Adam Adham, El Mostafa Mabsate
Pages: 132-140 Paper ID: 172306-8484-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: The impact of fuel injection pressure and engine load on combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of a compression ignition engine powered with different biodiesel-diesel blends is conducted in the paper. The study was carried out by means of Computational fluid dynamics. Combustion of 10%, 20%, 50% and 100% Soybean biodiesel-diesel blends was conducted first with 4 injection pressures (60 to 120 MPa) at constant load and then with 4 loads (from 5 to 12 bar indicated mean effective pressure) maintaining a constant injection pressure. For fuels chemistry, two reduced chemical reaction mechanisms were used to account for diesel and biodiesel blends combustion. Performance parameters reported are peak cylinder pressure and its location, exhaust gas temperature and ignition delay, while emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and Oxides of nitrogen were discussed. It is observed that fuel injection pressure increased maximum cylinder pressure for all blends, while its location was moved towards top dead center for blends higher than 20%. Exhaust gas temperatures also increase with increasing injection pressure and biodiesel percentage. Ignition delay was lowered for growing injection pressure but increases with biodiesel percentage. Injection pressure also increases NOx and reduces CO emissions. It was reported that CO2 is not sensitive to injection pressure variations. The raise in load also increases cylinder pressure, exhaust gas temperatures and CO2 emissions while it reduces ignition delay, CO and NOx emissions.
Keywords: Biodiesel, injection pressure, load, diesel engine, CFD, combustion, emissions.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 845 KB
Title: Energetic Performances Analysis on a Loop Heat Pipe-Photovoltaic Cooling System for Future Implementation
Author(s): Redha Meneceur, Kamel Khonfais, Djillani Ben Attous
Pages: 141-150 Paper ID: 172406-3939-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: The aim of this work is to present a numerical investigation of a PV system dynamic performances, equipped with a loop heat pipe-based cooling device and a water heating apparatus based on a heat pump. This investigation was conducted via a combination of thermo-fluid analyses and developed simulated models. Under this framework, an energy balance was established on the considered PV system to clarify the associated energy transfer and conversion processes. In this insight, the simulated model developed in this paper is aiming to predict the dynamic performances of different PV-based system configuration, line-ups and operating conditions. In fact, we were committed to minimizing the thermal resistance existing between the PV layer and the thermal absorber via the insertion of coated sheet of aluminum-alloy as a baseboard. Moreover, we have applied a recent accurate formula for the PV panel tilt angle to keep a low solar beams’ incident angle as long as possible during the day. Simulation results showed good coherence between the present studied model and previous simulation results, owing to significant performance improvement. Electrical and thermal efficiencies were 11.30% and 53.41%, respectively.
Keywords: Heat pump, Photovoltaics, PV/LHP, Numerical simulation, Solar energy.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,462 KB
Title: Artificial Neural Network Prediction of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite with Silicon Carbide Particles Developed Using Stir Casting Method
Author(s): Philip O. Babalola, Christian A. Bolu, Anthony O. Inegbenebor
Pages: 151-159 Paper ID: 154502-1706-7979-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are range of advanced engineering materials used for a wide range of applications. AMCs consist of a non-metallic reinforcement incorporated into Aluminium matrix providing advantageous properties over base metal alloys. In this paper, artificial neural network (ANN) is used to predict the micro-hardness, yield strength, tensile extension, modulus, ultimate tensile strength and stress, time to fracture, load at maximum extension, tenacity, electrical resistivity and conductivity. Information obtained from ANN model predictions can be used as guidelines during the conceptual design and optimisation of manufacturing processes; thus, reducing time and costs.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network Aluminium Matrix Composites Modelling Mechanical Properties.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 571 KB
Title: Control of Distortion by Combined Effect of DC-LSND and TTT in MIG Weld Joints and Its Effect on Residual Stress and Fatigue Behavior
Author(s): Heri Wibowo, M. Noer Ilman, Priyo Tri Iswanto, M. Rifai Muslih
Pages: 160-170 Paper ID: 173506-8484-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: The use of thin plates sections in fabrication of ship hull structures for weight savings is preferable but it tends to produce weld distortion. This current research aims to study distortion and residual stress control methods by combining dynamically controlled low stress no distortion (DC-LSND) and transient thermal tensioning (TTT) techniques. These combined ‘in-process’ treatments were conducted by quenching the weld metal behind the welding torch using cryogenic liquid nitrogen and simultaneously performing the secondary heating process using flame torches at both sides of the weldline. Subsequently, a number of experiments was carried out as follows: distortion measurement, residual stress measurement, microstructure examination, hardness measurement, tensile test and fatigue test. Results show that combined effect of DC-LSND and TTT treatment can effectively reduce distortion and residual stress which lead to improved fatigue crack growth performance. In addition, changes in strength and hardness of the weld joints are also observed and these are associated with changes in microstructures due to secondary heating and quenching during welding.
Keywords: DC-LSND and TTT, MIG welding, distortion, residual stress.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,197 KB
Title: Cooling Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Panel by Using Heat Pipe at Baghdad Climate
Author(s): Laith Jaafer Habeeb, Dheya Ghanim Mutasher, Faez Abid Muslim Abd Ali
Pages: 171-185 Paper ID: 173306-9595-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: This paper represents an experimental investigation of cooling the photovoltaic panel by using heat pipe. The test rig is constructed from photovoltaic panel with dimension (1200×540) mm with 0.07 mm thickness copper plate base, four thermosyphon heat pipes with 55% distilled water filing ratio and water box heat exchanger with a capacity of 16.2 litter. The novel panel compared with the traditional panel, the panels are installed south direction and 45o tilt angle. The experiments are carried out on months April, May and July in 2017, Baghdad, the test begins at 8:00 a.m. till 14:00 p.m. In the theoretical investigation, the theoretical model consists of two parts; in the first part, an electrical equation is applied to find electrical characteristics while in the second part, heat balance equations are achieved to find thermal characteristics to the whole domain. A MATLAB program is used to compute the model and establishing characteristic curves. The experimental thermal result proved that, the novel method is successful in cooling the solar panel and that the module is colder than traditional panel in a rate of (15-35) % and the electrical efficiency are improved by (11-14) % and theoretical results revealed good agreement with a small deviation of about (3-6) %.
Keywords: Cooling photovoltaic panel, thermosyphon heat pipe.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 1,248 KB
Title: Optimization of Flame Stabilization Limits In Meso-Scale Tube Combustors with Wire Mesh
Author(s): Fudhail Abdul Munir, Takehiko Seo, Masato Mikami
Pages: 186-192 Paper ID: 170706-5353-IJMME-IJENS Published: December, 2017
Abstract: In the last two decades, with the continued depletion of energy resources and the need for better power sources for small scale devices, researchers have become increasingly interested in meso and micro-scale combustion. Flame stability of a meso-scale combustor depends on a few important factors such as combustor wall thickness, wall thermal conductivity and inner diameter. In order to enhance the combustor performance such as the operational limits, it is vital to fundamentally understand these determinant factors. In this research, simulations and experiments were performed to investigate the factors affecting the flame stabilization in meso-scale tube combustors with stainless steel wire mesh. The inner diameter of the meso-scale cylindrical tube combustors is fixed to 3.5 mm while the wall thickness is maintained at 0.7 mm. The wire mesh is located between the unburned and burned gas region of the combustor. The numerical simulations were performed using a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical model, from which the results in terms of gas and wire mesh temperature contours, blowout limits, combustor outer wall temperature distribution and combustion efficiency were established. In the experiments, the equivalence ratio and mixture flow velocity were varied and the effects in terms of flame stabilization limits were recorded. The main objective of utilizing a 3-D numerical model is to successfully demonstrate the role of thermal path from the tube combustor wall to the wire mesh in enhancing the flame stabilization near the blowout limits. The numerical results show that the direction of the thermal path plays a significant role in improving the blowout limits. It is also demonstrated that more heat can be recirculated to the unburned gas region with the use material with higher wall thermal conductivity in burned gas region. As a result, the flame stabilization limits can be enhanced.
Keywords: Micro scale combustion, flame stabilization limits, three-dimensional numerical model
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science | 820 KB