Abstract: This article presents a review of researches done on the subject of automated tractor. An autonomous tractor is a vehicle that can operate without or with minimal human control, self-propelled and guided automatically along a desired path. The benefits from such a system are useful for agriculture industry by reducing labor cost and time, as well as improving output efficiency by eliminating human errors. Many researches and inventions have been made, with the results ranging from successful, encouraging to some that are impractical for commercial implementation for certain reasons. These implements include sensor, global navigation satellite system, machine vision, laser triangulation, ultrasonic transmitter and geomagnetic controller, as well as actuator and servo motor.

Abstract: A computer controlled direct gasoline fuel injection (DGI) system has been modeled, programmed and constructed for a four-stroke SI engine. Locally available materials have been used for this experimental model. All the old model vehicle were equipped with carburetor for air fuel mixing and later on electronic fuel injection system has been introduced for maintaining better air fuel ratio and mixing in many late model vehicles. Later on Japan introduced direct gasoline fuel injection system in their SI engine but it is not yet commercialized in many under developed countries. Direct gasoline fuel injection (DGI) system has the advantage of fulfilling proper air fuel ratio in various operating conditions and loads providing minimum air pollution. In four stroke engine, fuel needs to be supplied once in every two revolution. A logic control and program is necessary to control and supply fuel supply once in the cylinder at every two revolution. A program has been made to control the system. Fuel injection period was maintained by opto-isolator sensor in this model. But fuel injection period need to be varied depending on operating condition and loads. Further research is necessary to develop this model and program depending upon engine loads. The designed DGI system is found to work properly with the designed constant speed of 3000 rpm. The development of this model with variable speed and load is necessary for improvement of vehicle performances and emission control.

Abstract: During turning operation, high temperature is produced. Such high temperature often leads to several problems like a large heat affected zone, high tool wear, change in hardness and microstructure of the work piece, burning and its consequence and micro cracks. Application of cutting fluids in conventional method reduces the above problems to some extent through cooling and lubricating of the cutting zone. But in this process the cooling rate is low. For this reason mist application technique has become the focus of attention of researchers and technicians in the field of machining as an alternative to traditional flood cooling. The concept of mist application of cutting fluid some time referred to as near dry machining. The minimization of the requirement of cutting fluids leads to economical benefits, and environmental friendly machining. In this work, attempts have been made to develop a mist application device to apply cutting fluid for turning operation of medium carbon steels. This experiment is to determining the tool wear and temperature rise during turning operation of medium carbon steel by high speed steel cutting tool at different depth of cuts and spindle speeds as well as cutting speeds. Feed rate has always being constant. The above operation has been done for dry cutting condition, Flood and Mist application of cutting fluids. Mist application of cutting fluid system enabled reduction in average chip-tool interface temperature up to 40% lower than conventional flood cooling cutting system depending upon cutting condition. Mist application system with the present technique has substantially reduced flank wear and hence improves tool life.

Abstract: An innovative idea has been devised into a beta prototype of traffic light electrical and mechanical fault detection system. This system alerts via wireless technology to the respective personnel to get them fixed immediately upon improper electrical malfunctions or mechanical damages are detected. This invention would be the best instantaneous solution to ensure all traffic lights are repaired immediately in making sure the road accidents at junctions are reduced dramatically. Detailed SMS including the traffic light pole ID #, street, town and also fault occurrence time will be sent to the respective personnel to take immediate corrective actions. Once the fault has been fixed, wok completed message will also be sent to the higher authority for work completion validation.

Abstract: Weldment characteristics like penetration, bead geometry and depth of heat affected zone are extremely important characteristics for structural integrity. Electric arc welding process is used throughout the world for its simplicity and versality. Electrode diameter, current, voltage, arc travel speed, electrode feed rate, arc length and arc spread are influential factors in deciding the weldment characteristics. In this present works the effects of these process parameters on weldment characteristics in case of electric arc welding process was studied. Bead on plate experiments was conducted using a manual feed based metal arc welding machine. Weldment characteristics like depth of penetration, depth of heat affected zone and bead geometry were examined. An artificial neural network based modeling of the experiments was successfully done to predict the patterns of results obtained from the experiments.

Abstract: Automatic control for grass cutting vehicle is required in order to cope with the environmental effect such as heat and rain, as well as strain on the driver. The driver of grass cutting vehicle or tractor has to operate or supervise the controlled and non-controlled implements along with vehicle guidance. Steering is a monotonous activity and tiring, which can result in reduced operation time and improve grass cutting quality. The need to overcome these setbacks was the motivation to develop a concept of a semi-automated steering guidance system for lawn tractors. This paper presents the design conceptualizations of a mechanism to semi-automate a grass cutting tractor. Several conceptual designs were generated and proposed for the mechanism to be equipped with the tractor for it to self-propel semi-automatically. The scope of the concepts is for the tractor to travel in a spiral pattern on a flat terrain at constant moving speed, and without external remote controlling devices. The characteristics and properties of the conceptual designs are discussed for their viability to be developed further into a prototype.

Abstract: Aluminum casting alloys with silicon as the major alloying elements are the most important commercial casting alloys because of their superior casting characteristics. This study aimed to investigate solidification and mechanical behavior of Al- Si alloy against both the molding conditions and silicon content (3%- 15% Si). Grain size analysis and x-ray diffraction of the alloys have been studied. Tribological experiments have been carried out by using a pin on disc tribometer to investigate the effect of the alloying element content and the molding conditions on the wear resistance and the coefficient of friction of the alloy. The results showed that. With the increasing of silicon content the solidification time increased, as also a decrease of the liquidus temperature was observed up to 12% and then increased with increasing Si%. However, an increase of both the ultimate tensile strength and the hardness is obtained by the increase of the silicon content. With the increase of silicon content the wear rate decrease and coefficient of friction increase.