Abstract: Azoxistrobin and Difenoconazole fungicidal residues used in the onion plant area can have a harmful effect on the environment and humans as well as for soil microbes in this case soil fungi. The specific objectives to be achieved in this study are the effect of Azoxistrobin and Difenoconazole fungicides on the viability of soil fungi. Measurement of soil fungus viability was carried out by a dilution cup method. Based on identification, 9 soil fungal species were obtained from 5 families. From the test results on the viability of soil fungi, it turned out that the KJ9 fungus (Humicola fuscoatra) is a species that has a high viability, where the fungus is able to grow on the administration of antracol fungicides as much as 25 ppm (treatment B) even at treatment E (100 ppm) and Mushrooms soil with low viability is Gliocladium sp. 2 (KJ5).

Abstract: In this paper, we focus on the phenomenon of pattern formation in a reaction diffusion model of plankton dynamics which includes support for infochemically mediated trophic interactions. We consider a four species model created on the basis of the two species models which have been studied previously. In our model, which is an extended version of these previous models, the grazing pressure of microzooplankton (M) on phytoplankton (P) is controlled through external infochemically (C) mediated predation by copepods (Z). We undertake a stability analysis of both the two species and the four species models and compare their system dynamics. We compared the mathematical roots related to these models using both numerical and analytical methods, and we found consistency between the two approaches using asymptotic expansion. We also explored spatial pattern formation in relation to both forms of model and considered under what conditions Turing patterns are exhibited and when spatiotemporal chaos can be observed. An attempt was made to study the non-Turing patterns which were discovered with a special emphasis on spatiotemporal chaos.

Abstract: Seeing the journey of small businesses as one of the parts of the lower classes of society, has a role in national development, which has prospects to be developed, it is very necessary to get a better touch of development so that they have more power to realize their goals, because in reality the sector those who are very close to small people are still far from "professionalism" and the continuity of their business is still in place. Realizing the reality that exists in empowering small businesses is very much needed, it is necessary to have an empowerment process that aims to empower the community to improve their standard of living, optimize local resources as well as possible, both natural resources and human resources. The basis of the empowerment process is the experience and knowledge of the community about its vast and useful existence and their willingness to be better. Furthermore, the hope of this empowerment process is the realization of a dignified society and increasing awareness of their rights and obligations, by adhering to the rules regarding what is right and what is not, what is permissible and what cannot be done, including developing cultured behavior. The development of the number of small-scale business units over the period of 2012 to 2015 showed an average growth of 5.41% or grew 1.15 million units annually, from 42.40 million units (2012) to around 44.69 million units in in 2015. Even though the average growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is 5.41%, which is slightly smaller than the growth of the average medium business which reaches 6.64%, but quantitatively small businesses greatly affect the economic activities of many people because the amount is 99.8% of all business people in the country. This research belongs to the type of Descriptive Studies and analytic quantitative research. Sampling used the proportionate stratified random sampling technique with a sample of 488 or 100 populations and data analysis with simple and multiple linear regression. The business world that is now starting to develop following its civilization is expected to be able to answer the challenges of the economy in society that exist today, because society is a group of human life that has a different role of diversity and culture in a development, or follows the flow of times in a community that are interconnected and mingling with each other, with all activities in a tolerant manner and with a contradictory relationship that daily can provide the sentences, as well as providing enthusiastic applications-adaptations and as well as can minimize a good and bad actions, and have interpretations the interpretation of scientific knowledge and towards thinking of prosperity, peace, and being able to think has a sense of peace and security, in the solidarity of citizenship, nationality, and state relations, this opinion was conveyed by Adi Suminto (2017. Pg. 16) Book: Social Existence on Community Diseases In the Perspective of Human Rights, says that "Society is an example in history by emphasizing a process naturally in the character of science (Social) to answer solving various problems of life". So with that economics is one of the fractions in character and its social literature as a basis or mother rather than other sciences. Conclusions: (1) The Influence of Business Capital has a positive and significant influence (76.8%) on corporations Small and Medium Enterprises in Palasah Village, Palasah District, Majalengka District, West Java Province, Influence of Business Capital is a reinforcing factor of corporate. Small and Medium Enterprises corporations in Palasah Village, Palasah District, Majalengka District, West Java Province, (2) Changes in the Business Environment for Small and Medium Enterprises corporations in Palasah Village, Palasah District, Majalengka District, West Java Province has a positive and significant influence (75.8%), because Business Environment Change is a reinforcing factor of corporations Small and Medium Enterprises in Palasah Village, Palasah District, Majalengka District, West Java Province has a positive and significant influence (72.2%), The corporations Small and Medium Enterprises in Palasah Village, Palasah District Majalengka Regency, West Java Province, Entrepreneurship Character is the main factor of UKM corporations in Palasah Village, Palasah District, Majalengka District, West Java Province, (4) Company Performance of the corporations Small and Medium Enterprises in Palasah Village, Palasah District, Majalengka District, West Java Province has a positive and significant influence (90,6 %), Company Performance is a supporting factor of the corporations Small and Medium Enterprises in Palasah Village, Palasah District, Majalengka District, West Java Province, (5) Influence of Business Capital, Changes in Business Environment, Entrepreneurship Character and Corporate Performance together have a positive influence and significant (68.2%), for corporations Small and Medium Enterprises in Palasah Village, Palasah District, Majalengka Regency, West Java Province. Key Words: Business Capital, Changes in the Environment, Entrepreneurial Character, Company Performance, and Small and Medium Enterprises Corporations.