Abstract: The interaction of an electron beam with inhomogeneous magnetized cold plasma resulting in increasing of beam plasma instability has been studied. The variation in the plasma density has a profound effect on the spatial beam plasma instability. In addition, an applied external static magnetic field leads to enhanced power absorption from the electron beam, and accordingly to plasma heating in beam-plasma system.

Abstract: Microfinance started with a noble cause of helping the poor to obtain small loans to establish their own businesses. The scheme has been successful in helping the borrowers to establish their own businesses, educate their children, spend more on health and nutrition, and plan for the future. However micro-financing has failed on the very front it is supposed to be useful that is helping the poor. The interest rates charged by microfinance institutions (MFIs) are so high that a very large majority of very poor are automatically excluded and those who dare to borrow find themselves trapped as no business can produce profit of 100% to 200% to meet the very high interest charged by MFIs. To avoid this problem we suggest Islamic solution of no interest. Two schemes are suggested. One is provision of loan from government with zero interest. In this scheme return of original capital is guaranteed by 4-6 members of the community. Second suggestion is provision of loan on modified Mudarba basis again with the guarantee (provided by 4-6 members of the community) of return of original capital. In both cases if original capital is not returned, guarantors have to do that.

Abstract: Although a number of problems in environmental science deal with biology, chemistry and social issues, the applications of physics are also very important. In this paper, the best-fit model to predict spatial sedimentation rates at Loagan Bunut Lake is verified using conservation of mass and comparative equation. The lake is a flood plain lake that is located within the boundaries of Loagan Bunut National Park in the northeastern part of the state of Sarawak. Twenty two cylindrical traps were installed at the lake. The traps were placed in November 2005 until April 2008. Each sample was collected after about four to five months of deployment. Dry sedimentation rates of the traps and their linear distances from Trap 1 located at the confluencet of Bunut River were measured.

Abstract: The type for novel preparation technique of membranes in tough and inconsiderate environments is the improvement of new tough, high performance materials. The modular nature of membrane operations is essentially well for process development, and this resourcefulness may be a significant issue to require membrane processes in most gas separation fields, in a similar way as today membranes represent the main technology for water treatment. This short review emphasizes the mainly promising areas of research in gas separation, by considering the materials for membranes, the industrial applications of membrane gas separations, and finally the opportunities for the integration of membrane gas separation units in hybrid systems for the intensification of processes. Mixed matrix composite (MMC) membranes, incorporating molecular sieving materials within polymeric substrates, may provide economical, high performance gas separation membranes if defects at the molecular sieve/polymer interface can be eliminated.

Abstract: The scope of this work is to analyze the dielectric data obtained for the Poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) PHB semi-crystalline polymer material in the view of the electric modulus formalism in order to correlate the effect of the conductive relaxation processes on the dipolar relaxation processes. The results reveal that the conductive relaxation processes contribution in the low frequency region is much larger than in the high frequency region. Finally plot of the imaginary part of the complex electric modulus for a given temperatures as a function of the real part of the complex electric modulus (i.e, Argand’s plane) shows that the conductive processes are reflected by an arc at low frequency which agree with the model of Coelho.

Abstract: In this paper, the complementary slackness theorem for Seshan’s dual in linear fractional programming problem is proved. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the result.

Abstract: Hassan Fathy is one of the most important architects of the twentieth century, whose works have had a widespread influence on the architecture of the Islamic world and whose ideas have extended to the Western world. This paper focuses on the complexity of Fathy’s architecture and the richness and range of its theoretical intentions. It also assesses Fathy’s attitudes towards modernism and the International Style as well as the critical responses to his works and philosophy. The relationship of his philosophy to movements such as Post-modernism, community architecture and self-help building, eco-architecture and sustainability and tendencies such as neo-vernacular and earth building are also examined. The main objective of this paper is to reveals the significance of Fathy’s approach while placing him within the wider perspective of twentieth-century architecture

Abstract: In this paper, we deal with the effect on the refractive index of seasonal anomaly in height of the ionospheric F2 peak for both, collisional and collisionless cases in the by using the real geometry of Earth’s magnetic field for north hemisphere. It is possible to say that there is an anti-symmetric harmony between the electron density and the all waves (for collisional and collisionless cases) at in hour when the seasonal anomaly occurs while there is an exact harmony in the real part of extra-ordinary wave (Z?0).

Abstract: This study is an attempt to identify secondary school students’ views concerning their understanding and practice of Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W., specifically the factors that influence students in secondary religious schools in Malaysia in order to understand and practice the Sunnah in their daily life. The samples for this study consisted of 576 students from four secondary religious schools selected from four states in Malaysia. The study adopts a survey technique via questionnaires to collect data. The questionnaire was analyzed based on the Likert Scale. The findings revealed that the students’ attitude is the most prominent factor that may influence them in understanding and practice of Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. (mean=18.14) besides other factors like Parents’ role (mean=17.42), Teachers (mean=15.22) and Syllabus (mean=13.49). The outcome of this study could assist teachers, schools administrators, students and the Ministry of Education of Malaysia in equipping students with Islamic teachings. This research is also hoped to enrich the Hadith literature and Hadith study in Malaysia. Thus a fresh draft can be drawn to upgrade the Hadith studies in the curriculum to benefit a new generation of students in Hadith studies.

Abstract: Studies were carried out on the growth requirements of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom), an edible mushroom. This organism was able to grow optimally at a temperature of 28oC and pH of 9. It utilized various carbohydrate sources such as glucose, fructose, maltose, ethanol, starch, sucrose and lactose, with glucose the most utilized and this significantly enhanced mycelial growth. The least utilized carbohydrate was lactose. Peptone supported the greatest mycelial growth as a nitrogen source followed by yeast extract while inorganic nitrogen sources had no appreciable effect. Evaluation of agro industrial wastes like corn cob, cotton waste, paperwaste and sawdusts of Mansonia altissima and Irvingia as to their suitability for mushroom production gave corn cob as the best substrate for the mycelia growth of the organism.

Abstract: One of the methods to prepare nano-crystals metal oxide (MgO) is by using aerogel method. Aerogel MgO (AP-MgO) tends to have high surface area compared to commercial MgO and this is due to the present of surface defects and at nano scale particle size. Detailed characterization involving X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption analysis, FT-IR, TGA and basic titration has allowed a rationale explanation to explain the high chemical reactivity observed especially for AP-MgO. Pore volume and size distribution, unusual surface morphology and trace residual of –OH and –OCH3 at surface seem to be main factor allowing the nano particulates to be isolable, stable and yet highly reactive. The results for AP-MgO are emphasized herein.

Abstract: In this paper operation properties of adjoint matrices of a kind of complex block matrices specially Hemitian matrices has been discussed.

Abstract: This paper presents estimations of the modified Weibull distribution model based on grouped and censored data. The maximum likelihood method is utilized to derive point and asymptotic estimates of the unknown parameters. confidence and Further, the asymptotic confidence intervals for the parameters are derived from the Fisher information matrix. The likelihood ratio test is applied to test the goodness of fit of the modified Weibull distribution. To illustrate the application of this new distribution, a set of real data is analyzed.

Abstract: The steady two-dimensional MHD heat transfer mixed convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid near a stretching permeable sheet in presence of a uniform magnetic field with heat generation is considered when the buoyancy force assists or opposes the flow. The equations governing the flow and temperature fields are reduced to a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations. These non-linear differential equations are integrated numerically by using Nachtsheim-Swigert [1] shooting iteration technique along with sixth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. Critical values of buoyancy parameter are obtained for vanished shear stress. The numerical results are benchmarked with the earlier study by Mohamed Ali and Fahd Al-Yousef [2] and found to be in excellent agreement. Finally the effects of the pertinent parameters which are of physical and engineering interest are presented in tabular form.

Abstract: In this work, we derive new exact soliton solutions of the generalized Ito system. We will use the improved F-expansion method to explore periodic wave solutions expressed by various Jacobi elliptic functions, Weierstrass elliptic function, triangle functions, hyperbolic functions and other type of functions. That we can obtain a great variety of classes of solutions of generalized Ito system.