Abstract: The article presents results of geometrical studies of 3-axis milling of free-form (sculptured) surfaces taking into account the selection of a particular machining strategy. Theoretical basics are considered of the selection of an optimal milling strategy taking into account the directions of principal surface curvature. The selection of criteria was substantiated for evaluating strategies of the free-form surface machining. The results of the work can be used in CAM modules - systems for optimizing numerical control programs for the free-form-shaped parts by ball-ended milling cutters.

Abstract: In this research, study was conducted and analytical process was used for complex tubes inside stockist governor Fund tends several angles on the horizon and facing south .The main features of this complex are low cost and ease of transportation and simplicity of design. Practically, study included an experiment on the system according to the circumstances in the city of Najaf on Thursday, 05.23.2013 The study examines the performance of the complex, as well as the study of the performance of the entire complex of different experiences and different operational conditions . Rely the heater solar principle of thermal gradient in the process of storage where the highest temperature on the sixteenth of March amounted to (67C°) and minimum temperature is (37C°) with an average temperature of (50C°) where the average temperature primary when running is (19C°), Results shows that when water is pulled from the heater at the highest temperature the change in temperature reach's 2 ° C at 10 liter pulled from the top of the heater and 5 degrees Celsius at the lowest point in the geyser.

Abstract: Discrete Kirchhoff Triangle (DKT) which provides high solution accuracy for the plate bending analysis combined with the adaptive meshing technique is presented. The finite element formulation of the DKT plate bending element together with the CST membrane element used for modeling such 3D plate structures is derived and the associated finite element matrices are presented. An adaptive meshing technique is applied to generate small elements in the regions of high stress gradient to improve the solution accuracy. Larger elements are placed in the other regions to reduce the problem unknowns and thus the computational time. The effectiveness of the combined method is evaluated by several problems. Results show that the combined method can improve the solution accuracy and reduce the computational effort.

Abstract: Dynamics of multi-link manipulators with flexible links include complex high-order equations which make their control problem very challenging. This paper presents a new method for simultaneous motion and vibration control of a two-link flexible manipulator using H2/H8 control. A multi-element finite element model of the manipulator is casted into the generalized plant model, and H2 and H8 controllers are synthesised employing the LMI-based optimization algorithm of MATLAB. Finally, a mixed sensitivity H2/H8 control is proposed based on an H2 norm constrained H8 control design. It is shown that the method of control design can be used successfully for the control of the joint parameters as well as suppression of vibration at the tip (end-effector) of the manipulator.

Abstract: A number of tubes in the Ortho-Dichlorobenzene (ODCB) condenser have been damaged. ODCB condenser is vertical shell and tube exchangers, BEM type, with the expansion joint on the shell. ODCB flows in the tube side with the mass flow rate of 0.5778 kg/s at a pressure of 1 bara and a temperature of 180oC. Cooling water (CW) flows in the shell side with the mass flow rate 0.4615 kg s at a pressure of 2 bara and a temperature of 30oC. Both fluid flows in parallel from top to bottom. Tube made of stainless steel pipe SS 316 L, 26.67 mm outside diameter, schedule 40, and a total is 106 pieces. The test of material concluded that the damage in the form of stress corrosion cracking caused by bending stress due to longitudinal expansion of tube cannot be accommodated by the fixed tube sheet type (M type). One indicator is a crack occurs in a transverse position and starting from the outer surface of the tube. However, in reality cracks were not occurred in the middle of a tube length, but at a distance of about 450-500 mm from the tube sheet, not far from the shell inlet nozzle. This study focused on the simulation of the heat transfer process and Computational Fluid Dynamics. The purpose of this study was to determine the local phenomena that occur which is related to damage of tubes. Simulation results show at a range of about 450-500 mm from the tube sheet, CW in the shell side begins to boil and ODCB began condensed in the tube side. Water vapor fill the space of the upper shell. In this zone, ODCB in the tube still in the gas phase. The combination of these two circumstances cause convection heat transfer in this zone is very bad and lead to the tube wall temperature gradient is high enough at longitudinal direction. High temperature gradient causes the tube wall strength decreases, so that when the tube expansion on hold, the tube will be bent in the zone.

Abstract: Manufacturing process often related to continues process to produce better quality and profitable product. Continues process is often linked with unstoppable process where workers done their job repetitively ever day. Repetitive motion of the workers may cause them have carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and this condition occur for workers in aero space industry. Therefore, investigate needs to be done on working posture and hand grip force to prevent CTS. The method is using the questionnaire on psychology working experience and equipment using vibration force and hand grip strength. The result shows the relationship between four factors; working experience, working posture, hand grip strength and exposure time. The suggestion is given such as hand massage, suitable vibration glove; reduce exposure time and regular exercise hands frequently to improve circulation for help CTS workers.

Abstract: SOM (Self-organizing Maps) model was introduced to cluster and analyse on the human grasping activities of GloveMAP based on data reduction of the initial grasping data. By acquiring the data reduction of the initial hand grasping data of the several objects, it will be going to be functioned as the inputs to the SOM model. After the iterative learning of net-trained, all data of the trained network will be simulated and finally self-organized. The output results of models’ are farthest approached to the reality in 3-dimensional grasping features. The experimental result of the simulation signal will generate the simulate result of the grasping features from the selected object. The whole experiment of grasping features is derived into three features / groups and the results are satisfactory.

Abstract: The present work investigates the influence of processing parameters of electrical discharge machining (EDM) such as peak current, pulse on time, rotational speed and flushing pressure. This study also attempts to study the effects of parameters on EDM performance characteristics on Ti-6Al-4V alloy using copper electrode as tool material. The performance characteristics are analysed in terms of material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra), by varying the process parameters. Mathematical model correlating the influences of these variables on performance characteristics of the workpiece are investigated. Design of experiments (DOE) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) are used to identify an optimal machining condition. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been performed for the validity test of the fit and adequacy of the proposed models. The optimum machining conditions in favour of MRR and Ra are estimated and verified with proposed optimized results and the amounts of relative errors calculated. It is observed that the developed model is within the limits of the agreeable error (2%), when compared to experimental results. This result leads to desirable MRR, Ra and economical industrial machining to optimize the process parameters. This confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the adopted approach.

Abstract: Biodiesel, derived from the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel is used in the convention diesel engine for the better performance and emission. From the study it is found that the use of biodiesel leads to the substantial reduction in Particulate Matter, Hydrocarbon and Carbon monoxide emissions accompanying with the imperceptible power loss, the increase in fuel consumption and the increase in NOx emission on conventional diesel engine with no or fewer modification. Biofuel density, viscosity and bulk modulus are linked to engine performance and emissions the physical and chemical properties of biodiesels can have significant effects on the combustion process, which will impact on the engine performance and emissions.

Abstract: The proportion of car owner in the population was increasing in Malaysia, as the needs of a car was not just transportation for moving to other places. The user demand and needs therefore had to be considered in car interior design. The main objective of this study was to develop the car interior design by providing improved or new functions based on the customer needs and expectations in the scope of functionality, ergonomics and quality. The various needs of respondents were investigated. An extensive written and online survey was conducted to ascertain the needs and weakness associated with automotive interior design for users. Over 500 online and written questionnaires were distributed in Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia. 82.6% response rated was achieved in this survey. The results indicated that car users placed higher concern on functionality and ergonomic aspects of the interior design. The findings would be used to guide the subsequent research project into the major factors and appropriate areas of a car interior.

Abstract: Glove based device has outstandingly archive successfully in nowadays especially in industries, virtual reality, and medical. DataGlove is an interactive device, resembling a glove worn on the hand used to capture physical data such as bending of fingers. GloveMAP are recent dataglove prototype aimed at obtaining signal information of finger movements.By manipulating data outputted from the dataglove, numerous applications for the purpose of HCI could be designed. Input data from dataglove usually continues with time domain which resulting the algorithm is too large to be processed. Thus, dataglove input data need to be transformed into a representation set of features. Transforming the input data into the set of features is called feature extraction. In this research, feature extraction technique is proposed to represent bending signal outputted from the dataglove. Polynomial regression is utilized as the feature extractor. The experimental results show that the parameter from the polynomial could be used as features for the bending signal of the dataglove.

Abstract: This paper deals with the study of the performance analysis of 30 Ton of Refrigeration (TR), Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) cooling tower. The cooling tower manufactured in GEM Equipments Ltd, Coimbatore is taken as the study subject and various parameters are analyzed to rectify the major defects. Quality Function Deployment is the method used to analyze the different process defects associated with the cooling tower and the design defects are analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics Software Package. Quality Function Deployment is the best process analysis tool used in of product development. This can also be used in the defects study tool for any product. The results obtained from QFD shows certain major design defects that are to be rectified so as to make the cooling tower reliable and efficient. The various design defects analyzed using CFD supports the finding done by QFD. These design defects are remodeled and rectified and again analyzed using both the tools and thus the proposed system is proved to be efficient.