Abstract: This paper includes conceptual part of what is Bench Marking? Why Bench Marking? Where to do Bench Marking exercise? When to do Bench Marking exercise? How to do Bench Marking? The paper includes the process of Bench Marking and Best Practices. This is the first part of the paper. South being a textile concentrated place, this has to be analyzed the problems of textile industry and come out with suggestions to use the concept of Bench Marking to overcome the current problems in some of the textile enterprises. The concept of Bench Marking was being practiced even 25 years back. For example, the then Madura Mills when they merged with Coats plc. in the 1970s, they started adopting this Bench Marking but under a different name GBP – Group Best Practice. But this Bench Marking was an internal Bench Marking practice as they have done it only among their group mills and of course they had mills in 30 different countries and that itself was a good composition to practice Bench Marking. This paper shares the experience of Madura Coats in Bench Marking, which was called GBP was one of the functions of Industrial Engineering in this company. Lessons have taken from Madura Coats and extend it to Textile Industry in general. For doing this, SWOT analysis for Textile Industry in South India in particular has done and the possibility of improving the current strength of textile industry to much higher levels and convert the weaknesses of textile industry into strength by using the tool of Bench Marking has explored. Some key people in the textile industry has asked to discuss suggestions. Banking Industry can also do the same thing. In this, one should try to trace the history of Banking in India and try to make the comparison between Public Sector Banks, New Generation of Private Sector Banks and Foreign Banks. Each sector is having some good practices and the effort of the paper writer will be to come out with certain common factors on which Bench Marking can be done in Indian Banking Industry. One should analyze both the industries and should take at least one in consideration. The paper will take care of more things from the practical side rather than theoretical side. Such an analysis for the textile industry will be of interest to people in textile industry in general and Coimbatore people in particular.

Abstract: Continues Increase in the fuel rates has created big problem for transportation all over the world. In such condition it is very necessary to get over the problem by some innovative techniques. In this paper we have tried to implement some innovative techniques which can reduce the consumption of fuel of car. In this study we have tried to reduced the fuel consumption in car upto 10% with the help of polypropylene compound. We have also increased the flexural strength of car by adding inorganic compounds in PP. Some problems and solutions for injection molding are also summarized. This paper deals with the light weight and great mechanical strength of polypropylene fibre which helps in reduction in the fuel consumption of car.

Abstract: Based on the momentum and continuity equations for ferrofluid under an applied magnetic field, assuming linear behavior for the magnetic material of the ferrofluid, and using carrying current concentric finite wire magnetic field model, the magnetic force was calculated. A modified Reynolds equation is obtained. It is simultaneously solved with the energy equation numerically by the finite difference technique. The pressure and temperature distributions have been obtained under various couple stress parameter. The solution renders the bearing performance characteristics namely; load carrying capacity, attitude angle of the journal center, frictional force at the journal surface, friction coefficient and bearing side leakage. Based on the micro-continuum theory, and by taking into account the couple stresses due to the microstructure additives, the effects of couple stresses on the performance of a finite hydrodynamic journal bearings were studied. The results have shown that fluids with couple stresses are better than Newtonian fluids.

Abstract: In the present work, a rotating tilted wick, which is made of a double layer cotton-cloth, has been used as a desiccant regenerator. Calcium chloride solution is applied as the working desiccant. The wick surface, which is impregnated with the desiccant solution, moves between two rotating pulleys at an inclination angle of 20 degrees. The regenerated solution carried by the wick returns to the solution tank at the end of a complete cycle. Desiccant solution concentration in the tank is evaluated and recorded with time. Instantaneous as well as average values of the mass transfer coefficient are evaluated from the experimental measurements. Mathematical model, which can be applied for the prediction of solar radiation intensity and analysis of the proposed system, is developed. Model validation shows a good agreement between measured and predicted values of radiation. Apparent values of system coefficient of performance around 2 could be attained in the dry climate of Taif city. Finally, system operational problems are discussed and highlighted.

Abstract: Plasma polymerized pyromucic aldehyde (PPPA) thin films have been deposited on to glass substrates by glow discharge technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) graphs reveal that the surface morphology of PPPA thin films is uniform and flawless.  FTIR analysis reveals that the chemical composition of PPPA films is different from that of the pyromucic aldehyde (PA). From the UV-vis spectra direct and indirect transition energy gaps were determined for as deposited PPPA thin films of different thicknesses.

Abstract: The airflow characteristic over the smooth wall surface of a heated and tilted hemisphere immersed in a fully developed flow in a test wind tunnel is investigated experimentally and numerically. K-type thermocouples are used to analyze the flow structure for different regions of flow domain around the front and back surfaces of the hemisphere. The investigation is carried at air velocity of 25 m/s with corresponding Reynolds number of 2.5E+05. The total drag over the hemisphere is experimentally measured in the sub-sonic wind tunnel with electronic balance sensors at the test flow velocity. Corresponding numerical simulations using Fluent software code are also carried out to visualize the flow reversal, separation, horseshoe vortices, and recirculation zone  downstream and back of the hemisphere and to validate the experimental results. The heat transfer enhancement exemplified by local Nusselt and Reynolds number on the hemisphere surface is also studied. It is shown that the flow characteristics vary on the stream-wise and back surfaces as the flow becomes unsteady.

Abstract: The existence of a defect like a crack will leads to change in natural frequency of the plate and enlargement of the crack will also lead another change in natural frequency with the change of the size or position of the crack. So this study focuses on finding the natural frequency for isotropic composite plates with crack considering the size of the crack (crack length and depth through plate thickness) an crack position in the plate in x, y directions, also slant of the crack. The natural frequency is studied for composite material strengthen by powder, and short fibers with the effect of crack size and position, plate thickness, aspect ratio, the type of  plate fixing where three type of fixing used (SSSS, SSCC, SSFF).
Two methods are used to find the natural frequency of composite plate: First method is supposed analytical solution to solve the equation of motion considering the effect of size, and position crack on the natural frequency of the composite plate. Second method is finite element solution using ANSYS (ver. 14) program. A comparison made between the two methods and the error percentage is not exceeds of 3.5%. The results shows that the natural frequency decreases as crack size (length or width) increases. The natural frequency decreases when the crack in the middle of the plate over any position of the crack. The effect of crack when it reaches the middle is higher than when it’s in the other places. The natural frequency is decreases as plate width increases, (aspect ratio and plate thickness).

Abstract: In this work, three models are used to calculate the natural frequency of cantilever stepping beam compound from two parts. These models are Rayleigh model, modified Rayleigh model, and Finite elements model (ANSYS model). The Rayleigh model is modified by calculating the stiffness at each point of the beam. The modified Rayleigh model is much closer to the ANSYS model than the Rayleigh model. The comparison between the three methods was presented in this study and the convergence for the three methods of study was shown. The results showed the effect of the width for small and large part of beam, the length of large part of step, and the ratio of large to small width of stepping beam on the natural frequency of stepping beam. The natural frequency of stepping beam is increasing with increasing of the width of small and large parts of beam. In addition to, the natural frequency of beam is increasing with increasing the length of large width until reach to (0.52 m) and decreasing then when the modified Rayleigh model or ANSYS model are used.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to determine the probability of injury of human crack vertebra condition subjected to compressive loading. The model had been used in this study was reconstructed from image processing and develop using SolidWorks software. The three dimensional finite element model of lumbar vertebra was organized using Ansys software. In this work, all the model components were meshed using the tetrahedral solid element (SOLID186). In order to simplify it, all the components were modeled as an isotropic, elastic material and symmetry model. The model failure was occurred when the stress intensity factor (SIF) of the bone exceeds the fracture toughness. Biological structures as well as vertebrae inherent a lot of related uncertainties and should not be solved by deterministic analysis. A Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique was performed to conduct the probabilistic analysis using a built-in parametric design language (APDL) module. The results discovered that the highest stress was found on adjacent pedicle to create the weakness area and probability of failure for cracked structure condition is 2%. Therefore, pedicle was become the most crucial area to be emphasize. In addition, any flaws exist on the model such as crack will give a huge impact to the results, especially fracture. Hence, the current study was very useful to examine how the bone toughness and bone characteristics capable of sustained compressive loading in terms of probabilistic approach.

Abstract: The fatigue behavior of Gray Cast Iron is affected to its microstructure, strength, ductility, residual stress and surface roughness etc…. In general, fatigue life increase as the magnitude of surface roughness decrease or the surface hardness increases by surface treatment.
As the consequence of conducted high temperature oxidation in subsurface layer of cast iron pores have been creating, coating by zinc-electroplating were filed with new phase and in this way the new zone with different properties was obtained.
The aim of this study is to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model for estimating the fatigue life of Gray cast iron after oxidation process and zinc-electroplating. Amulti-layer model was used the oxidation time, oxidation temperature, coating thickness, the surface roughness, hardness as inputs and the fatigue life as the output of the model.  a variety of samples were prepared in different conditions of heat treatment cycle. The obtained experimental results were used for training the neural network. Efficiency test of this model showed reasonably good agreement between experimental and numerical results.