Abstract: Cutting force has a significant influence on the dimensional accuracy due to cutting tool-holder deflection. The problem of tool holder deflection is faced frequently in a variety of engineering surface products, and to achieve this goal passive technique can be used. The need for passive technique arises from the complexities that brought to the structures by active control techniques and energy supplies required to implement such control systems. In this paper, an improved theoretical dynamic cutting force model for end milling is presented, using spectral finite element (FE) approach. The model depends on variable inputs such as, cutting tool shank diameter, number of periodic elements, choose the form of the cutting holder, if it is straight or periodic. The cutting parameters are given for getting an ideal cutting tool deflection distribution and frequency domain analysis. The simulation results indicate that the tool deflection has a significant influence on the dimensional accuracy of the finished part. The basic formulations of passive technique for deflection suppression of mechanical systems are briefly presented. It is based on the theory of dynamic deflection (proof mass -stiffness).

Abstract: Recently the use of laser to various kinds of applications has been applied. Therefore, to obtain better results in the development of a cutting machine of materials using low power laser, cutting system should be analyzed, both in simulation and experiment. In this experiment, low power laser diode and laser CO2 were used. The gypsum and polymer materials were used in this experiment. For the simulation of cutting process, software was used while the experimental process used CNC milling machine as a manipulator. From the research it is shown that parameters such as speed, current, voltage, number of pass, number of layer and compressed air influence the depth of cut in the process of cutting. By using Response Surface Method (RSM), in laser CO2 cutting for gypsum it is found that power and number of layer have significant effect to make depth of cut deeper, while the speed has no significant effect to increase the depth of cut.

Abstract: The present researches of advancing the gun barrels and especially for artillery barrels, are dealing with materials other than steel or on combination between materials which are advanced and new innovative process for increasing of the performances and life cycle of all gun calibers. Considerable efforts were made for developing new technique, in addition to the investigation of new materials. In this research, 3–techniques are describes for increasing the mechanical properties of thick–walled cylinders which are subjected to high internal loads due to explosives. In autofrettage process, an elastic-plastic state produces at the cylinder wall by loading of the barrel tube with a controlled inner pressure. In elastic process, the tube is unloading, this case does not recover the initial dimensions, therefore; the residual stress and strain stares can be determined. The practical data were obtained from a standard tension test specimen, collected from the D-30 gun barrel made out of an alloy steel. The experimental work was made in Artillery and Mortar Laboratory of Military Engineering College, Baghdad in 2003. A nonlinear constitutive equation was determined in order to establish the stress and strain states in the gun barrel.

Abstract: Port development work involves laborious activities and sub sequential use of large amount of energy. Modular construction has facilitate labour require, energy usage, hence carbon footage has gain approval of efficient product development in recent year.  The use of such mobile equipments equally gives advantage to port to reduce port traffic, safety preservation of environment reduction in maintenance and berth allocation. Heavy seaborne traffic in port leads to the requirement of port terminal development or improvement. Port terminal involved problem related to traffic and high cost. The use of mobile floating protection facilities can offset this problem. The study involved design and modeling of a safe loading and unloading facilities to ensure the smooth flow of the work and reduction in the work delay. The berthing facility is moveable, floating structure that act as a protection for ships berthing in port. The modeling involve design of that determine the safe berthing velocity and , the berthing energy,  environmental load (wind and current) and material which are the important parameters for fender selection and to ensure that it is safe to carry out its function as loading and unloading facilities. By using light weight less energy can be employ to build berth, and to conduct berthing operation, and by providing safety the system can be provided discount for environmental conservation. The result of this study hoped to improve safety and efficiency of the port operation in handling of the ships entering and leaving the port. The model is designed for prototyping physical system that can be use for experiments and commercialization.