Abstract: As with every living organism, organizations go through certain phases, such as birth, growth, maturity and death. Organizations must manage the process of organizational growth in periods of hypercompetition. The model developed by Dr. Larry E. Greiner in 1972 and restructured in 1998 is called the Greiner growth model. It is an expressive structure in which the age of the organization is marked out in opposition to its size. Greiner supposes that an organization expands and grows throughout the years. To easily understand how management styles, organizational arrangements, and organizational mechanisms work and why they do not work at confident phases in the progress phase of an organization, the Greiner growth model is used. The Greiner organizational growth model originally consisted of five phases, to which Greiner subsequently added a sixth phase. Each phase has two dimensions: the first dimension is the evolutionary breadth in which the organizational growth is calm and stable. The second dimension is the revolutionary dimension in which each phase triggers the other phases. The phases are creativity, direction, delegation, coordination, collaboration and growth through extraorganizational solutions. The Greiner growth model was applied to three organizations in Saudi Arabia. Finally, recommendations were made to each organization. Thus, SecuTronic received the recommendation to start making strategic alliances with other global organizations to move to the sixth phase of the model. Zimmo received the recommendation to obtain business sustainability, and a model named the Zimmo business sustainability model was developed. NCMS received recommendations concerning how to smoothly move to the next phases of the model through preparation for all possible crises that can occur in each phase and the solutions that represented proceeding to the next phase of the Greiner growth model.

Abstract: Rasping is the most frequently useful method to disintegrate or to break down the cellular structure of sago pith for mechanical processing. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cylinder rotation speed and teeth density on power requirement and specific energy consumption of cylinder type sago rasping machine. In addition, the performance of rasping machine in term of rasping capacity and product’s amounts were also measured. In the experiment, five levels of cylinder rotation speed i.e. 745 rpm, 1490 rpm, 2235 rpm, 2980 rpm and 3725 rpm and three levels of teeth density i.e. 2.2 cm × 4 cm (D1), 2.2 cm × 3 cm (D2), and 2.2 cm × 2 cm (D3) were tested. A torque transducer (torque meter) was used to measure the rasping torque. The torque meter was calibrated before being used. In addition, a strain amplifier was used to amplify the output signal. The power requirement was then calculated. Results showed that the power requirement of the rasping machine increased as the rotating speed of cylinder increased. Likewise, the power required increased with increases of teeth density. The average level of power required at teeth density D1, D2, and D3 ranged from 0.45 to 1.62 kW, 0.46 to 1.62 kW, and 0.54 to 1.62 kW, respectively, when the cylinder rotation speed increased over the full range from 745 to 3725 rpm. The specific energy consumption increased with the increases of both cylinder rotation speed and teeth density. The specific energy consumption at D1, D2, and D3 ranged from 2.08 to 4.92 kW-h/ton, 2.67 to 6.53 kW-h/ton, and 3.01 to 9.11 kW-h/ton, respectively, over the range of cylinder speed tested. The lowest levels of power requirement and specific energy consumption were obtained at cylinder rotation speed of 745 rpm for all teeth density.

Abstract: From the Industrial Revolution to the present day, the economic sectors have not been evaluating the most appropriate practices regarding the use of the environmental resources. The civil construction business is not much different. In response to this scenario, foreign and national institutions have been developing methodologies that will greatly support the new ventures. The brazilian certification, Casa Azul (Blue House), of Caixa Econômica Federal - CEF (Federal Savings Bank), aims to promote sustainable housing, within the brazilian reality, focused, mainly, on the low-income population. This article intends to demonstrate the difference in building costs between a sustainable housing unit based on the requirements of “Casa Azul Seal” and an unsustainable one. It is a certification targeted at the brazilian reality and with a proposal for the entrepreneurs who seek to associate their companies with socio-environmental responsibility. In order to classify this article, this paper presents an empirical research based on information contained in booklets and informative material published by government agencies and class entities of the civil construction segment, exploratory regarding the objectives, quantitative and bibliographical approach and a case of study: addressing the technique used and a financial analysis of the construction of a non-sustainable housing versus a sustainable one - under the premises of the “Casa Azul Seal”. The outcome of this article is the comparison of the building costs between a 42m2 popular house to be constructed, hypothetically, in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, according to the sustainable requirements and a non-sustainable one; also, the former advantages and benefits.