Abstract: In general, the objective of suspension systems of automobiles is to isolate the vibrations produced due to road disturbances from transfer to driver and passengers. The design of a hydraulic control valve to improve the performance of the damper of automobile suspension system is focused in this paper. . The proposed control valve makes the damper of suspension system to behave as a smart damper. A quarter automobile model of two degrees of freedom is adopted.. The parameters of the proposed control valve are optimized according to settling time and peak overshoot. The efficiency of this valve is tested by evaluating the response of the sprung mass when the automobile excited by step and impulse functions. The results show that the smart damper attenuates the vibrations of the sprung mass in a short period when compared with other types of dampers.

Abstract: This research introduces a novel design for Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) head for agriculture spray system. In the first section, the manuscript detailed different EHD patterning approaches including ring type counter electrodes and their drawbacks. The counter electrode is kept above the nozzle orifice and spray is done by maneuvering contour of electric field in such a way that even with the smaller length of jet, stable spray can be done. For better understanding and evaluation of phenomenon, simulations and comparisons are also performed and radial effect is analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of meniscus response and shape on voltage is analyzed. Manuscript also elaborates and addresses issues like the meniscus generation and ejections at voltage. In the end, based on above results, a novel system is designed and experiments conducted and performed. Design of experiment is also used to optimize the results. It is concluded that the extraction force required to extract the droplets depends upon the viscosity of the solutions.

Abstract: This paper examines and evaluates the performances of clustered coordinator superframe adjustment and beacon transmission scheme (CC-SABTS) in a cluster tree network with different network density and traffic model. A cluster tree topology network consists of a Personal Area Network Coordinator (PAN-C), a few clusters of coordinators and several end device nodes at each coordinators. Coordinators need to transmit a periodic beacon in order to synchronize and communicate with PAN-C. Transmitting beacons simultaneously causes beacon collisions while CC-SABTS is designed provides method to reduce these collisions. Nonetheless, the performances of CC-SABTS in denser network has yet to be investigated and evaluated. Therefore, a simulation is carried out using NS2 simulation software to study the scheme. In the simulation, one PAN-C is used while the number of the coordinator nodes are increased between the ranges of 10 to 100. Two different traffic models are deployed: Poisson traffic and Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic. Results showed that CC-SABTS has 41% better throughput, 30% higher packet delivery ratio (PDR), 41% lower end-to-end delay and 27% lower of packet loss in CBR traffic model compared to conventional SABTS. In Poisson traffic model, CC-SABTS improves up to 18% higher throughput, 17% higher PDR, 44% lower of end-to-end delay and 33% lower packet loss compared to conventional SABTS. Between both traffic, CC-SABTS shows higher throughput and packet delivery ratio in CBR traffic however end-to-end delay and packet loss are better in Poisson traffic.