Abstract: Poor implementation of tracking failure, analysis root of the problem, and verify the corrective action which takes place continuously, will increase the failure. Corrective implementation action which only the failure symptoms handles and doesn't really fix the root problem of failure. Note that the Milling System Area is the area most often repeated failure, so the exact failure identification to prevent any failure that occurs and preventive actions have to be done so that the machine can still reliable. Based on Pareto analysis obtained level of downtime that occurs in the area of the largest Milling System i.e. i.e. 37.5%, caused by damage to the cement mill with the kind of common problems, such as spilling material on inlet process prior to grinding mill (grinding). Efforts to address the failure on the machine with the use of the FRACAS (Failure Reporting, Analysis and Corrective Action System), which includes the observation of failures that occur, and then documented the symptoms of failure that occurs. After verifying that the failure of the items fail performs failure analysis using the form FRACAS, looking at the history of similar failure then determining corrective action based on the results of the analysis.

Abstract: Climate change is recognized as one of the greatest environmental threats facing the World today and it has long been appreciated by governments that reducing the impact of the IC engine powered motor vehicle has an important part to play in addressing this threat. This article presents the parametric study of a palladium (Pd)/ graphene oxide (GO) catalyst on-board hydrogen generator, which would have targeted function to make the vehicle energy efficient and improve the emission. The optimization of the concentration of GO and Pd has been conducted with COMSOL software. The gas chromatography analysis on exhaust of a 4-stroke spark ignition engine has been conducted and found that the concentration of exhaust is 0.5% H2, 0.5% CO, 11% CO2, 21% UHC and H2O. The Pd/GO catalyst hydrogen generator is expected to reformate the exhaust gas about 35% H2 (clean fuel), 5% CO, 10% CO2, 5% UHC, and H2O. The enriched and heat-treated 7% of hydrogen is considered to be pumped directly into the engine. It is expected that Pd/GO catalyst hydrogen generator would be able to save the engine fuel consumption about 12% for 1.4 -1.6 litre engine and reduce green house gas (GHG) emission about 40%.

Abstract: Traditional method of sago starch extraction was a time and labor intensive process. The most laborious stage is pith disintegration which is done by using hammer-like tools called pounder. The total time required to process one whole trunk of sago palm traditionally is 41 hours on average or six days of work. However, the use of rasping machine to disintegrate the pith is saving time and energy. The objective of this study was to develop a cylinder type sago rasping machine in order to improve its performance. In the experiment, three rotation speed of rasping cylinder (1500 rpm, 2250 rpm, 3000 rpm) and three levels of cylinder’s teeth density (2.2 cm × 4 cm, 2.2 cm × 3 cm, and 2.2 × 2 cm) were examined. The rasping performance test was carried out by measuring rasping capacity, starch percentage, and starch yield. Three replications were considered for each treatment. A one way ANOVA by SPSS Statistics (Version 23) was used for analysing the data. The experimental results showed that the combination of cylinder rotation speed and teeth density significantly affected rasping capacity and starch yield, but did not affect the starch percentage. The highest rasping capacity (1009 kg/hour) and the highest starch yield (476 kg) was achieved under experimental condition at teeth density 2.2 cm x 4 cm with cylinder rotation speed of 2250 rpm. Meanwhile, the highest starch percentage (50.517 %) was obtained at experimental condition at teeth density 2.2 cm x 4 cm with cylinder rotation speed of 3000 rpm. Therefore, the optimum condition to achieve highest rasping performance was teeth density 2.2 cm x 4 cm with cylinder rotation speed of 2250 rpm. In conclusion, the developed cylinder type sago rasping machine works properly and has higher performance compared with previously prototype.

Abstract: Injection molding is one of the most common methods in plastics processing in the world. In order to meet dimensional requirements, the shrinkage prediction is crucial step. In this study, the effects of injection molding parameters on shrinkage is used. The material used in simulation is PA6 with 45% GF. Numerical simulations and statistical Taguchi method is used to simulate molding processes and its optimization. Model has been described with three mesh types. All three models have been tested and compared to physical experiment. Holding pressure, melt temperature and mold temperature have been varied on three levels and optimum variant has been chosen. Analysis of variance ANOVA is used to quantify influence of above-mentioned parameters. An experiment is conducted to verify the simulation results. An average value of shrinkage of optimized variant is used as scale factor for injection mold correction. After correction has been done and additional test and dimensional control conducted using 3D coordinate measuring machine.

Abstract: Citrus sinensis is widely grown fruit crop in the world and exhibits a lot of valuable properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour. The peels of Citrus sinensis consist high amount of essential oil, which can be used as an ingredient in perfume, cosmetic products and food. There are various extraction techniques used to extract the essential oil from Citrus sinensis, such as solvent extraction, hot water extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. In this study, a simple and economic hydrodistillation technique is used to extract essential oil from Citrus sinensis peel at different steam rate. Kinetic study was done to determine the kinetic parameters of hydrodistillation of orange oil while GCMS and FTIR analysis was done to determine the quality of the essential oil. FESEM was also done to observe the structure of the peels before and after extraction. The highest oil yield was found as 5.73 wt% at steam flow rate 2.43ml/min. The value for concentration of oil at saturation (Ce), the extraction rate (k) and initial extraction rate (h) was increased when the steam rate increased. Limonene was found as the most abundant constituent in the essential oil.