Abstract: The purpose of this work is to investigate the suitability use of vegetable-based oil in hydraulic system and the compatibility between the rubber seals and lubricant extracted from vegetable-based oil in hydraulic system. Two types of o-ring rubber seals were used which are VITON and NBR. These rubber seals were fully immersed in two different types of oil, Seri Murni Palm Olein and Pennzoil 68 Hydraulic Oil for two months. Detailed analysis of the rubber seals mass, thickness and perimeter, swelling test, SEM and oxidation test were done during the period in order to investigate the dimensional and structural changes of rubber seals. The viscosities of immersed oil were also tested to analyze its impact and influence on the physical changes of seals. The analysis was done using the ASTM standard method. Result shows that the Seri Murni Palm Olein has the potential to be used as hydraulic fluid especially when using with VITON seal. However, some of physical and its chemical properties need to be enhanced first such adding additives to the olein in order to improve the effectiveness of the vegetable-based oil as hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: This paper aims is introducing new insulator based on natural fiber composite which is combination between coconut fiber and natural latex. The noise insulator now days mostly produced from synthetic materials such as synthetic rubber or petroleum gel based. This new design and material selection is considered environmental issue toward green technology. The coconut fiber and natural latex develop to study the mechanical and physical properties of natural fiber and natural latex. The different latex contain will be effected to the noise insulator application.

Abstract: The durability of reinforced concrete structures is influenced by the chloride penetration and susceptibility of the reinforcement to chloride-induced corrosion, when exposed to marine environment or deicing salts. The ingress of chloride in concrete depends on various factors including the degree of humidity, environmental conditions, and more importantly, the composition and the characteristics of the concrete itself. The latter factor is controlled by the chloride diffusivity of concrete. Of the diffusivity influence factors, the effects of concrete quality parameters such as water-binder ratio and binder content have been found to be crucial from a number of studies. Yet, there is lack of cohesive coverage of the problem with regard to concurrent impact or confluence of the influence factors operating under field conditions. This paper is therefore concerned with finite element formulation and modeling of the chloride transport in concrete considering the importance of the multivariate diffusivity function (MDF) in delaying or expediting the time for the initiation of corrosion. The formulation of the numerical model is implemented taking into account the chemo-physical phenomena associated with various bounded-chloride functions and its influence on chloride diffusivity. Results from the analysis including the effect of bounded-chloride formulation on the diffusion behavior of chloride have been assessed and highlighted. Similar analysis has been performed using ANSYS based on thermal analogy technique. Feasibility of the results of this investigation to match with those of the experimental findings has been ascertained.