Abstract: Three multi drug resistant human pathogens, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, have been subjected to different concentrations of Ag and Ni nanoparticles (NPs). P. aeroginosa was the most stubborn pathogen that resisted even Ni. One mg/ml of Ag-NPs was efficient to affect its growth dramatically. However, the lowest used concentrations of Ni NPs (10-4mM) and Ag-NPs (10-3mM) have strong antimicrobial activity against the other two pathogens, S. aureus and B. subtilis. Growth inhibition % was also calculated regarding absorbance readings of the pathogenic cells in the presence of the NPs. The inhibition % was increased with NPs concentration and reached its maximum values with the highest concentration of Ag-NPs (1mg/ml). Antibiofilm activity of Ag and Ni-NPs was also tested in this work against the three bacterial pathogens. One mg/ml Ni NPs reduced cells OD600 of P. aeroginosa from o.35 to 0.14. Ag NPs were more effective antibiofilm agent and 1 mg/ml of them reduced Pseudomonas growth from 0.48 to 0.02. However, Ag is more effective against the pathogenic biofilm than Ni for the other pathogens too. Nanoparticles were characterized using both scan and transmission electron microscopy. Results revealed that NPs are spherical and have sizes ranging from 10 to 25 nm for Ag and 25- 82 nm for Ni. Different shapes of cell distortions were noticed when pathogens treated with the NPs such as cell membrane detachment, cell elongation, shrinking and leakage of cell content. According to the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of Ag and Ni NPs against important pathogens, we recommend to utilize these promising NPs in many applications such as medical devices, water sanitization and wound dressing.

Abstract: Types of qualitative research through the phenomenological approach, the results show that the human life of old is related with nature and the environment because of the real life and human life on the earth association with nature and environment. As understood, in adapting to the environment, the community gains and develops a tangible wisdom of knowledge or ideas, indigenous norms, cultural values, activities, and equipment because of the abstraction of managing the environment. Often their knowledge of the local environment is made an accurate guideline in developing life in its settlement environment. The diversity of patterns of adaptation to the environment that exists in an Indonesian society that is inherited into guidelines in using natural resources. Public awareness to preserve the environment can be grown through a cultural approach. If they can increase such awareness, it will be a tremendous force in environmental management. In this cultural approach, the strengthening of social capital, such as the socialistic institution, local wisdom, and norms related to the preservation of important living environment became a major basis.

Abstract: The qualitative research through the phenomenological approach, the results showed that the activities of the Joint Business Group (KUBE) could not improve the economic Community, this is because of the resulting product is still limited Products that are consumed, the product could not be marketed, this is because of the constraints of financial aspects, facilities, products are still managed and not yet supported by the policy of the government-related Business Development Group Joint Business (KUBE), other than the ability to build access/relationship with other regions for product marketing is not well established

Abstract: Types of qualitative research through the phenomenological approach, the results showed that the behaviour of nurses in providing BPJS patients in hospitals in Indonesia should still be repaired, so the effect of the service Will impact on the aspects of public health also on the aspect of satisfaction, until now many people complain about hospital services that are slow, and delay the Nunda services especially BPJS patients so that the impact To the patient’s health worsening because of the slow medical service.