IJENS Publisher Indexed In SCOPUS

Navigation


Title: Detection Ovarian Cycle of Bekantan (Nasalis larvatus) Based on the Profile of Fecal Estradiol and Progesterone
Author(s): Kamal I. Aly, Ahmed S. Hammam, Shaban M. Radwan, Mona A. Abdel-Rahman
Pages: 1-09 Paper ID: 112804-7676-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: A new interesting series of linear, unsaturated copolyesters containing cyclopentanone moiety in the main chain were synthesized by interfacial polycondensation of a mixture containing one mole of both monomeric units 2,5-bis (4-hydroxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone (Ia) and 2,5-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone (Ib) together with two moles of different acid chlorides. The yield and the values of reduced viscosity of the copolyesters were found to be affected by the kind of organic phase, contribution of benzyltriethylammonium chloride as a catalyst, the quantitative ratio of organic to aqueous phase, concentration of hydrogen chloride acceptor and time of addition of the acid chloride. The resulting copolyesters were characterized by elemental and spectral analyses. Moreover, the various characteristics of the various types of prepared copolymers including: solubility, viscosity, X-ray diffraction analysis, DSC and TGA were determined and discussed. The electrical properties of the copolyesters were tested and the morphology of selected examples of the copolyesters was examined by scanning electron microscopy.
Keywords: Dibarylidenecyclopentanone; characterization; copolyesters and synthesis.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 763 KB
Title: Characterization of Optical Properties of the Sansevieria trifasciata Extract as Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)
Author(s): Kartika Sari, Sunardi
Pages: 10-13 Paper ID: 111504-8686-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: Coming fossil energy crisis makes life facing serious problems. Here, the renewable energy by using Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) is urgently recommended. Study has been done on the characterization of optical properties from the extracts ofSansevieria Trifasciata as a dye-sensitized solar cell. Characterization results showed a wide absorption spectrum in nearly all UV and visible regions. Absorbance peak is observed at wavelength ? = 411 nm and ? = 665 nm which shows the content of chlorophyll, anthocyanin and carotene in the extract of the Sansevieria Trifasciata. The maximum absorbance value in the study is 3.790. This is indicative of the extract can be used as dye sensitized solar cells. Using spin coating method, refractive index of thin layers of n1 = 1.19; n2 = 0.97; n3 = 0.79; n4 = 0.63; n5 = 0.51 and thickness of a thin layer of d1 = 3.9 x 10-4 µm; d2 = 4.8 x 10-4µm; d3 = 5.9 x 10-4 µm; d4 = 7.3 x 10-4µm; d5 = 9.2 x 10-4 µm.
Keywords: Extract Sansevieria Trifasciata, absorbance, the refractive index and thickness ofthin layers.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 432 KB
Title: New Unsaturated Copolyesters based on Diarylidenecyclopentanone. Optimum conditions of Synthesis, Characterization and Morphology
Author(s): Kamal I. Aly, Ahmed S. Hammam, Shaban M. Radwan, Mona A. Abdel-Rahman
Pages: 14-22 Paper ID: 113104-7575-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: A new interesting series of linear, unsaturated copolyesters containing cyclopentanone moiety in the main chain were synthesized by interfacial polycondensation of a mixture containing one mole of both monomeric units 2,5-bis (4-hydroxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone (Ia) and 2,5-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone (Ib) together with two moles of different acid chlorides. The yield and the values of reduced viscosity of the copolyesters were found to be affected by the kind of organic phase, contribution of benzyltriethylammonium chloride as a catalyst, the quantitative ratio of organic to aqueous phase, concentration of hydrogen chloride acceptor and time of addition of the acid chloride. The resulting copolyesters were characterized by elemental and spectral analyses. Moreover, the various characteristics of the various types of prepared copolymers including: solubility, viscosity, X-ray diffraction analysis, DSC and TGA were determined and discussed. The electrical properties of the copolyesters were tested and the morphology of selected examples of the copolyesters was examined by scanning electron microscopy.
Keywords: Dibarylidenecyclopentanone; characterization; copolyesters and synthesis.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 752 KB
Title: Comparison Study of Saron Ricik Instruments’ Sound Color (Timbre) on the Gamelans of Nagawilaga and Gunturmadu from Karaton Ngayogyakarta
Author(s): Heru Kuswanto
Pages: 23-29 Paper ID: 113604-0909-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: The aim of this research is to compare the timbre spectrums of Saron Ricik Instruments of Gamelan Nagawilaga and Gunturmadu of Karaton Ngayogyakarta. These gamelans, as a set of traditional Javanese ensemble, are a pelog scale, seven scales in one octave. Sound of Saron Ricik Instruments is recorded by sound software. This software can display waveform in the time domain and spectrum in the frequency domain. The fundamental frequency is shown directly by the software. Other peak frequencies can be traced by shifting the cursor on the top of it. The accuracy of frequency that can be produced is 1 Hz Fundamental frequencies of Saron Ricik of Gamelan Nagawilaga are higher than of Gunturmadu. The locations of the harmonic frequencies are not always consecutive, but sometimes punctuated by another frequency. The number of harmonics or timbre of each instrument of Nagawilaga is different from the one of Gunturmadu..
Keywords: Gamelan, Saron Ricik, Nagawilaga, Gunturmadu.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 280 KB
Title: Sustainable Business in Malaysia: The Need for Talent Ecosystem
Author(s): Izdihar Baharin, Azrai Abdullah
Pages: 30-33 Paper ID: 114004-7979-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: In today’s business practice sustainable business is the most important key for success. Not only it is a must for business to survive but it is also a kind of competitive advantage for them to prosper. The recent economic slowdown had proved that companies that practices sustainable business fared much better than those that did not. Malaysian business generally did not adapt to the real concept of triple bottom line and for some time had adopted a more lip-service CSR/CR approach. This had leaved them lagging behind companies in country such as Singapore in terms of business sustainability. The most important factor that attributed to this scenario is Malaysia’s lack of talent. As such it is very important for Malaysia to have a strong talent ecosystem so that it can provide a steady stream of talent supply to support her sustainable business environment.
Keywords: Malaysia, sustainable business, talent ecosystem.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 304 KB
Title: Determination of Protein Content in Gamma (?)-ray Irradiated and Non-irradiated Natural Rubber Latex Film
Author(s): Md. Rakibul Hasan, Md. Ashraful Islam Molla, Mithun Sarker, Shah Md. Masum, Ashequl Alam Rana, Salma Sultana, Md. Emdadul Haque, Mohammad Mainul Karim
Pages: 34-37 Paper ID: 115404-6969-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: With the recent increase and awareness of natural rubber latex protein allergies, it is very important for all health care workers to understand and recognize the need to decrease and/or eliminate latex exposure in the rubber gloves and other rubber products for those individuals who are allergic to natural rubber latex. This study is based on a series of Lowry method of protein analysis. The field latex was concentrated by centrifugation method. A laboratory scale latex centrifuge machine (model SPL-100, Satio Separator Ltd, Japan) with a capacity of 5 liters was used for concentrating the latex. The process increased the solid content in rubber latex from 29% to approximately 60%, and also reduced the percentage of non-rubber content. The experimental results of UV spectrophotometer (UV-2401PC, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan) showed that rubber films of higher TSC percentage got significant amount of water leachable protein. Furthermore, they showed different protein content for different dipping time in water. Another experiment was carried out for irradiated latex of different doses. The change of protein content was significant.
Keywords: Immunoglobuline, irradiated latex, tetramethylthiuram.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 257 KB
Title: Multiple Attractors Involving Chaos in Predator-prey Model with Non-monotonic Response Function
Author(s): K. Saleh
Pages: 38-43 Paper ID: 116804-0909-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: A research on a periodically forced predator-prey system with non-monotonic response function is carried out, taking into account inhibitory and seasonal effects. The autonomous system exhibits eighteen topologically different configurations of equilibrium and periodic solutions. The latter system possesses at most three equilibria in the interior of the first quadrant. Multiple attractors appear in the phase space involving a stable periodic orbit and two stable equilibrium solutions. It is shown by mean of computer simulation that the seasonal effect can give rise to complicated dynamics. Certain values of parameters feature large chaotic strange attractors. Largest Lyapunov exponents and Hausdorff dimensions of these attractors are numerically computed.
Keywords: Predator-prey, seasonal effects, non-monotonic, multiple attractors, strange attractors.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 791 KB
Title: Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese Doped ZnO Nanoparticles
Author(s): Y. Abdollahi, A. H. Abdullah, Z. Zainal, N. A. Yusof
Pages: 44-50 Paper ID: 118104-7373-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: Various levels of manganese (Mn)-doped ZnO were synthesized by precipitation method. Characterization was carried out by XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, BET and the band gap measured by UV-visible reflectance. In the XRD pattern of samples, there is no signature of impurity peaks, which could indicate Mn-related secondary phases. The EDX show the amount of Mn doped on ZnO is slightly lower than the theoretical value. The SEM of 1% Mn-doped ZnO illustrated that morphology is well ordered, has low aggregation, and homogeneous distribution of particle size. High aggregation is observed, however, in other percentages of Mn-doped ZnO. Results of TEM show that more than 50% of the particles for undoped and Mn-doped ZnO use between 15 and 35 nm, with 1% Mn doped ZnO having the highest percentage (77%). The BET shows that the surface area of synthesized catalyst increases when the weight ratio of manganese increases up to 1% Mn, but decreases thereafter. The band gap of 1% Mn-doped ZnO is 2.2 eV which is smaller than the undoped ZnO band gap. The results of characterization show 1% Mn-doped ZnO has the highest surface area, the lowest particles size and the lowest agglomerate. Moreover the calculated band gap of 1% Mn-doped ZnO is lower than others except 0.5%Mn. Additionally, photodegradation of cresols under visible light showed that 1% Mn-doped ZnO had maximum adsorption and rate of photodegradation. In conclusion 1% Mn doped ZnO is suitable as the best photocatalyst to degrade cresols under visible light irradiation.
Keywords: ZnO; Co-precipitation; Manganese-doping; Optical properties; Nanoparticles .
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 719 KB
Title: CO2 Emissions from the Combustion of Native Australian Trees
Author(s): Arinto Y. P. Wardoyo, Lidia Morawska, Zoran D. Ristovski
Pages: 51-56 Paper ID: 118204-9393-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO2), as a primary product of combustion, is a known factor affecting climate change and global warming. In Australia, CO2 emissions from biomass burning are a significant contributor to total carbon in the atmosphere and therefore, it is important to quantify the CO2 emission factors from biomass burning in order to estimate their magnitude and impact on the Australian atmosphere. This paper presents the quantification of CO2 emission factors for five common tree species found in South East Queensland forests, as well as several grasses taken from savannah lands in the Northern Territory of Australia, under controlled ‘fast burning’ and ‘slow burning’ laboratory conditions. The results showed that CO2 emission factors varied according to the type of vegetation and burning conditions, with emission factors for fast burning being 2574 ± 254 g/kg for wood, 394 ± 40 g/kg for branches and leaves, and 2181 ± 120 g/kg for grass. Under slow burning conditions, the CO2 emission factors were 218 ± 20 g/kg for wood, 392± 80 g/kg for branches and leaves, and 2027 ± 809 g/kg for grass.
Keywords: CO2, Emission factors, vegetation burning, Australia.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 767 KB
Title: Petrographic and Geochemical Evaluations of Rare – Metal (Ta-Nb) Potentials of Precambrian Pegmatities of AWO Area Southwestern, Nigeria
Author(s): Akintola, A. I., Omosanya, K. O., Ajibade O. M., Okunlola, O. A, Kehinde-Philips, O. O
Pages: 57-70 Paper ID: 118404-7676-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: The Petrographic and geochemical evaluations of pegmatite bodies around Awo in Southwestern Nigeria were carried out with a view to characterising them and determining their genesis and rare metal potentials that may be related to Ta-Nb mineralization. Fifteen (15) whole rock pegmatite samples and five (5) muscovite samples extracted from the pegmatites were analyzed for major and trace elements using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) analytical method. The petrography revealed preponderance of Microcline and albite with subordinate muscovite and anhedral quartz, accessory minerals found include tourmaline, garnet, beryl, and spodumene. The whole rock pegmatites are highly siliceous having SiO2 mean value to be (54.95%) while the muscovite extract has a mean value of (44.61%); Al2O3 contents are fairly high in the muscovite extracts than in the whole rock pegmatite samples with very low mean values of MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, TiO2, and P2O5. Other than these, the pegmatites are enriched in Rb, Cs, Zr, Ga, Ba, Be, Y, W, and the rare metals Ta and Nb. The variation diagram plot of Na2O/Al2O3 versus K2O/Al2O3 reveals igneous ancestry for the pegmatites with the Rb/Sr plot suggesting a 30km crustal thickness during emplacement of this pegmatite. There is low to moderately high albitisation, progressive rare alkali fractionation, and controlled Ta-Nb enrichment in the Awo fields with the sample plotting in the Rare Metal Pegmatite Zone “RMP”. The recorded negative Ce anomaly is an indication of oxidation due to the influence of fluid – rock metasomatic processes in their genesis. The enrichment pattern revealed by other geochemical variation plots shows that the pegmatites have moderate to high Ta-Nb mineralization.
Keywords: Petrographic, Pegmatite, Metasomatic, Quartz, Muscovite, Feldspars.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 1,299 KB
Title: Specific Internal Energy of Relativistic Rankine-Hugoniot Equations
Author(s): A. S. Al-Fhaid
Pages: 71-72 Paper ID: 118504-9393-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: The stress energy tensor and the mean velocity vector of a simple gas are expressed in terms of the Maxwell-Boltzman distribution function. The rest density , pressure, P , and internal energy per unit rest mass are defined in terms of invariants formed from these tensor quantities. It is shown that cannot be an arbitrary function of P and but must satisfy a certain inequality. Thus for is impossible. It is known that if is given by this relation and , then sound velocity in the medium may be greater than the velocity of light in vacuum. This difficulty is removed by the inequality mentioned above.
Keywords: Specific Internal Energy, Rankine-Hugoniot Equations.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 175 KB
Title: Application of Microtremor HVSR Method for Assessing Site Effect in Residual Soil Slope
Author(s): Dwa Desa Warnana, Ria Asih Aryani Soemitro, Widya Utama
Pages: 73-78 Paper ID: 118804-9393-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: This paper investigates the local site effect of the earthquake induced slope instabilities using microtremor horizontal- to-vertical ratio (HVSR) method. It is accepted that soil effects (soil thickness and variation of surface soil parameter) and topographic effects namely local site effects, is considered having a significant effect on the seismic amplifications. However the understanding of seismic slope response is still limited. The research was carried out in a residual soil slope near Batu town, Malang District–Indonesia. The microtremor investigation had been conducted on 54 free-field measurements having 20 x 20 m dense grid. The HVSR analysis has been carried out using Geopsy Software. The predominant frequency (f0) ranges between 1 and 5.5 Hz and amplification factor (Am) varies from 2.5 to 10 though most of the areas having 4 to 5 Am value. The topographic patterns are identified by the fo value as related to bedrock depth. Variations of both parameters are indicated as a result of variations in surface soil parameters. Surface soil parameters are considered having more significant effect comparing to those of topographic effects. The vulnerability index (Kg) is indicated the soil damage level due to ground motions. The weak zone, failed during earthquake on the Southern slopes was identified by the highest Kg value.
Keywords: Site effects, the predominant frequency, amplification factor, vulnerability index, microtremor HVSR, residual soil slope, Malang.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 1,033 KB
Title: Structured Grid Generation Via Constraint on Displacement of Internal Nodes
Author(s): Ali Ashrafizadeh, Razieh Jalalabadi
Pages: 79-87 Paper ID: 119504-8686-IJBAS-IJENS Published: August, 2011
Abstract: Structured grid generation methods have been used for many years to discretize the solution domain in fluid dynamics simulations. Various differential methods have been employed for this purpose but the traditional method, which transforms a logical grid in the computational domain to a boundary-fitted grid in the physical domain, is employing a set of poison equations. In this paper a new grid generation method is introduced in which the differences between coordinates of boundary nodes of a simple initial grid and final grid are used as the boundary condition of a set of poison equations known as grid generation equations. These Poison equations are solved on the initial grid to obtain the displacement of nodal coordinates and construct the final grid. Two dimensional grid generation examples are finally presented and the grid qualities are compared with the results of an available differential grid generation method. The underlying ideas are clearly extendible to three-dimensional problems as well.
Keywords: Displacement of Boundary Nods, Initial Grid, Structured Grid Generation, Poison Equations.
Full Text (.pdf)  International Journals Of Engineering and Science| 2,226 KB